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Plasma activated water offers food security opportunities by increasing shelf life of freshwater fisheries products in South Africa

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Abstract

With 40% of the South African population experiencing moderate to severe food insecurity and climate change predicted to impact agriculture negatively, there is a future role for inland fisheries to help feed 60 million people. To support the expansion of inland fisheries, reducing the current postharvest losses of ~25% of fish requires improving the current preservation and storage techniques. This review aims to assess the potential benefits for Sub-Saharan Africa’s freshwater aquaculture and fisheries to utilise an emerging technology to reduce postharvest losses, using South Africa as a case study. We demonstrate the potential for plasma activated water (PAW) for preserving fresh fish. PAW offers non-thermal and non-toxic bacterial inactivation. Considered safe for human use, PAW is currently used in medical applications and has been investigated as a postharvest sanitiser for many fruits and vegetables, effectively increasing the shelf life of fresh food. The limited studies of PAW treatment of fresh fish show increased shelf life with some generally insignificant changes to quality. This novel treatment's success depends on the optimisation of application methods, including PAW-derived ice (PAWDI). To strengthen the value chain of the fresh fish industry, PAW/PAWDI could extend the shelf life of fish from origin to market. Investment in food supply chain development would preserve more harvested fish and improve the quality. Utilising solar power to produce PAW or PAWDI in situ potentially offers benefits for the small communities of inland fisheries to commercial production. This technology as well as changes to traditional preservation and transport chains could be utilised in other Sub-Saharan African nations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Australia Africa Universities Network. We thank Steve Gregg for his pre-design concept and estimates for solar-powered PAW kits.

Funding

This study was funded by the Australia Africa Universities Network. Both Henneke and Chalwin-Milton received a stipend from this funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia

    Kay Howard & Kirsty L. Bayliss

  2. Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa

    Frederich Henneke, Olivia J. B. Chalwin-Milton & Carel J. Oosthuizen

  3. Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa

    Peter Johnston

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  1. Kay Howard
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  6. Kirsty L. Bayliss
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Contributions

The three senior authors (Oosthuizen, Johnston, and Bayliss) contributed to the study's conception and design and were awarded the funding. The literature review and preparation of relevant material arising from the review were conducted by Kay Howard, Frederich Henneke, Olivia Chalwin-Milton and Kirsty Bayliss. The first draft of the manuscript was prepared by Kay Howard. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kirsty L. Bayliss.

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Howard, K., Henneke, F., Chalwin-Milton, O.J.B. et al. Plasma activated water offers food security opportunities by increasing shelf life of freshwater fisheries products in South Africa. Food Sec. 15, 839–853 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01334-4

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